Eternal values.
Eternal values.
KONSTANTIN ZBOROVSKY.
Museums of Petersburg have got recently the status of objects
Strategic purpose - legendary halls of Northern capital
Are used for the international meetings and negotiations on the higher
Level, and Vladimir Putin, which became the main Petersburg guide
Regularly leads excursions on the Hermitage for the colleagues-presidents.
Sale.
For today in St.-Petersburg 275 museums. It is considered,
What is it more than in any other city of Russia (in Moscow -
Nearby 230).
Many of Petersburg museums have long-term (and even centuries-old)
History. During Soviet time, the truth, it hardly was the end has not come.
In 20th years the largest museums tried to transform in so-called
"Palaces of Arts": in Nikolaevsk to the Hermitage hall twisted cinema
For the country poor which have settled down on settlement
There and then, in the neighbourhood - in other halls.
Collections alien to the working people mercilessly sold abroad.
In the same 20th years at the European auctions from a hammer have left "Sacred
George "Raphael," Venus before a mirror "Titsiana, pictures of Rembrandt,
Van Dejka, a collection of Easter eggs of Faberge (which most part
Has settled in National gallery in Washington). Tell, that
Anastas Mikoyan - one of initiators of sale of masterpieces - confirmed,
That after world revolution all collections will return to a museum. But,
As is known, revolution does not happen and the sold exhibits
Remained abroad.
Museum business have started to revive only in 30th years. Then
There was a tradition to show treasures of Petersburg museums to the official
To delegations. Sale of masterpieces have stopped (fortunately, still was
What to show). Today in the program of stay of all visiting heads
The states most well-known of the Petersburg museums are switched on.
The chamber looks in the world.
It is known, that all in St.-Petersburg has begun with Peter the Great.
Museums - not an exception. Peter has started to collect rare subjects
- The weapon, minerals, stuffed animals of animals and birds - and to put them
For delight of eyes in the Armory Museum of the Moscow Kremlin. There
Has removed also personal imperial collections of the weapon and jewelry.
But all it were children's entertainments. The present business has begun in 1704
To year when the tsar has brought from Holland meeting urodtsev - alcoholized
Germs and parts of a human body. The whole 15 years urodtsy frightened
Only imperial members of household, and for a general review (if is more exact
- For high society) an imperial collection have opened only in 1719
To year. Meeting of wonders have placed in the house of boyar Alexander Kikina
- Kikinyh chambers.
Peter considered, that by means of Kunstkamery to it it will be possible to educate
Russians. Under the decree reigning an input in a museum was free. Visitors
Enticed there the Hungarian wine, snack, coffee and cakes.
Tverezye Russians admired such "innocent" exhibits,
As stuffed animals of animals, fishes, bowls and the stones brought
From India, and here in anatomic halls to visitors already insistently
Suggested to drink vodka. Without a good dope very few people could easy
To examine anatomic preparations of Dutch scientist Rjujsha.
Except the alcoholized parts of a body, babies and Siamese twins
In a museum there were also live exhibits. In the beginning of XVIII century in Kikinyh
Chambers lived, as now it is accepted to speak, people with the various
Traumas and physical deviations, dwarfs and giants.
In 1727 the museum has moved on Vasilevsky island, and in Kikinyh
Chambers various official bodies since then take places.
On a twist of fate, today here there is a nursery musical
School.
But we will return to museum history. According to a legend, when Peter
The first chose a place for new building Kunstkamery, he has noticed
Ashore a curve pine also has considered, that the earth where the pine-urodets has grown,
- The best for such museum (the historical tree is presented now
In an exposition).
For two centuries the Russian scientists have filled up a collection with subjects
Life of the various people. Gradually Kunstkamera has turned in
The largest ethnographic museum of the world. Here is almost
Two million so-called "edenits storages" - coins, minerals,
Suits etc., presented to ten halls. But, as believe
Experts Kunstkamery, most of all visitors it is necessary
On halls where Russian anatomic collection is placed. Here
It is stored 937 preparations got by Peter I in 1717 at
Dutch anatomist Rjujsha for 30 000 guldens.
However, the well-known collection does not bring to a museum of the big money.
On excursion in Kunstkameru drive schoolboys is more often. In days of the school
Vacation the museum visits to 5000 persons in a week. Clearly, that
On it you will not earn much: the children's ticket costs 10 roubles,
The adult - 20.
In general, with financing to the first Petersburg museum does not carry.
The academy of sciences to which belongs Kunstkamera, allocates on
Its maintenance about 5 million roubles a year. But these means does not suffice
Even for payment of utilities. Because of roof leakings already
About 20 years halls of department of anthropology are closed. And to director Kunstkamery
Jury Tchistov yet did not manage to find serious sponsors for a museum.
Unless the Petersburg seller of computers firm Lank has helped a museum
To make Internet page. But on it good undertakings of businessmen
Also have ended. The site is not updated, and in the meantime the advertised
On him exhibitions Kunstkamery have passed for a long time. A collection of a museum
To thicket replenishes at the expense of gifts, and there is enough strange
- Recently, for example, the government of Kirghizia has presented to a museum...
Yurta.
However employees Kunstkamery are full of optimism - administration
Cities has promised to the 300 anniversary of Petersburg to allocate 40 million roubles
For museum reconstruction. On this money it is supposed to restore
One of the main exhibits - the Gottorpsky globe - a planetarium,
Made in XVII century mechanics of the German city of Gottorp. Inside
The globe constellations, with which in anniversary year at last are represented
Visitors can admire.
Winter it is taken!
Unlike Peter - the fan of the exotic, the subsequent Russian
Emperors collected quite traditional subjects: pictures, jeweller
Ornament and a sculpture. Catherine II, for example, has bought a little
Pictures at the Berlin merchant Gotskovsky. This collection, actually,
Also has laid down in a basis of the legendary Hermitage. It is accepted year of its basis
To consider 1764 when to Russia have brought 225 pictures German and
The Dutch artists. And by the end of XVIII century the Hermitage already was proud
The best meeting of painting in Europe. By this time emperors
Have got Rembrandt, Raphael's jobs, Dzhordzhone, Rubens and
Van Dejka.
Today the Hermitage - the most known and visited museum of Petersburg.
In a year of its hall bypass 2,5 million persons (approximately as much
In a museum and exhibits - on one on each visitor). In the Hermitage
356 halls, among which greatest - front doors Nikolaev
(1100 sq. metres), Stamp (900 sq. metres) and Georgievsky with
Throne place (900 sq. metres). To Honoured guests often show
Stage hall with the well-known hours "Peacock". Mechanical
The bird publishing rather sweet for this breed feathery sounds,
Specially get only for guests of honour. Mere mortals
Can admire miracle of English engineering thought in operation
Only once a week.
On the maintenance of the State Hermitage the federal budget
Allocates 260 million roubles a year. Approximately as much the museum earns
Itself. As the director of the Hermitage Michael Piotrovsky, money speaks
It is not enough, but to elicit any additional means to 2003
To year to be prepared for the city 300 anniversary, it is not going to.
Money for repair of buildings and restoration of masterpieces the foreign endow
And the Russian friends to the Hermitage. There is even a special Club
Friends to the known Petersburg museum which member can
Become any interested person. To enter into a circle of patrons of art and
Sponsors, it is enough to pay membership dues - from $50 a year
(The top limit of donations is not limited). Advantages of a member
Club in general are insignificant: it is possible to visit the Hermitage free of charge,
Exhibitions in the Menshikovsky palace and in the General staff building. Also
For "friends to the Hermitage" special actions are carried out. For example,
It is authorised poprisutstvovat on solemn evening occasionally
The terminations of repair of a roof of the Winter palace or to visit at excursion
In the company with the general director of the Hermitage.
In friendly relations with the Hermitage is more than 50 companies
- For example, IBM, Coca Cola, "Interros". Sometimes the friendship began
From the present conflict. The history, how the company is known
Rothmans has let out on the Russian market of a cigarette "Hermitage". Michael
Piotrovsky has accused the company of illegal use of the trading
Stamps also has threatened with the international court. As a result a museum and the company
Became friends. Rothmans not only has laid off cigarettes,
But also has restored as indemnification for the put moral
Damage one of museum halls. Today to use the Hermitage name
It is authorised only to the Petersburg jazz radio. Michael Piotrovsky
There was one of its founders, and a state Hermitage - unique
Museum of Russia which has a radio.
Piotrovsky always supported good relations with the Kremlin,
And consequently at a museum never was serious problems with financing.
Exception - building restavratsionno-hranitelnogo a complex
Old village in one of sleeping areas of Petersburg. Storehouse
Built since 1990 and have handed over only two years ago. Federal
The budget has run into debt to builders of 100 million roubles. But with moving in
Moscow Petersburg officials money was instantly.
The Hermitage has "a main friend", it the general sponsor
- Vladimir Potanin. It has offered for needs of a museum more than $3 million,
Has restored some halls of the former Ministry of the foreign
Affairs, has bought for a museum "Black square" of Malevich from a collection burnt through
Inkombanka. On its money the Hermitage reconstructed the east
Wing of a building of the General staff. Earlier these premises were occupied with the building
The institute where there is no time for kulmanom missed the governor of Petersburg
Vladimir Jakovlev. And now monumental cloths here hang
Pierre Bonara and Morisa Deni.
It is necessary to tell, that reconstruction of a building of the General staff is
Only a project part "Big Hermitage". For ten years Michael Piotrovsky
Is intended to update the Palace area and buildings surrounding it. It is supposed,
That buildings of the Naval archive, the First will be passed the Hermitage
Battalion of the Preobrazhenskiy regiment and Staff of the Guards case.
The building of the Guards case will connect an underground course to the Hermitage.
Here the Museum of Russian guards will take places, and to the General staff will move
Collection of furniture, suits and hours.
While the territory of the Palace area is not mastered, Michael Piotrovsky
Opens museum branches abroad. By means of fund "Opened
Russia "heads of YUKOS Michael Khodorkovsky have opened ermitazhnye
Rooms in London. Apartments and are called - Hodorkovski.
And in the end of last year on fund Solomona Gugenhajma means
(The fund created in 1937 operates the internetwork of museums
In New York, Venice, Berlin) the Hermitage branch in Las Vegas is opened,
In casino-hotel The Venetian.
Museum in Russian.
In the end of XIX century on a patriotism wave have decided to open "special"
Russian museum. Under a temple of domestic culture have allocated Mihajlovsky
Palace. In 1898 the first visitors have seen the Russian exposition
Museum of a name of emperor Alexander III.
Today Russian - the owner of the largest collection domestic
Painting and a sculpture (415 thousand units of storage). And by 2003
The quantity of exhibits considerably will increase - by this time
It is planned to restore Paul's I Mihajlovsky lock, halls
Marble palace and the Stroganovsky palace on a corner of the Neva prospectus
And quay of the river of the Sink. Then Russian museum will turn to one
From the largest museum complexes of Petersburg.
Now in Russian icons, a drawing, a sculpture are presented,
Applied art of the X-XX-th centuries. And recently a museum collection have filled up
Known collectors Jacob and Joseph Rzhev which have passed
To it unique meeting of pictures, schedules and sculptures. In Russian
Now "Pancake week" Kustodieva, Ayvazovsky's rare pictures is presented
And Benua. The collection Rzhev has taken places in the Marble palace.
Restoration - a sick subject of any museum - is familiar also to Russian.
In 1999 for restoration of palaces and locks has been confirmed
The general plan "Revival". On restoration Stroganovsky
And Marble palaces, and also the Mihajlovsky lock it is already spent
250 million roubles. Means for the project are allocated from the federal
The budget. The state money was at once, as soon as by the president
To Russia there was Vladimir Putin. In 2000 financing volume
Has increased almost twice (in 1999 - 194 million roubles, and
In 2000 - 304 million roubles). In Russian museum say, that
If will not receive this year millions 700 will not have time to restore
The economy by an anniversary of Petersburg. But means, similar, will be.
First, Vladimir Putin personally watches a restoration course
(The president of Russia carries on in palaces of a museum negotiations on the higher
Level). Secondly, the museum board of guardians is headed by the governor
St.-Petersburg Vladimir Jakovlev. The spouse of governor Irina
- Active member of Club of friends to Russian museum. Assert, that
It involves here sponsors. Because of couple JAkovlevyh membership
In club of Russian museum expensive costs. More often to meet
With the town governor in informal conditions, it is necessary annually
To bring a minimum of $100 of membership dues. Hearings, that for an audience go
With the governor of a city some corporations are ready to pay $5000.
Thus the corporate sponsor acquires the right to spend one banquet
In halls of Russian museum.
The serfdom.
In 1950th years Peter had a city museum - a museum
Histories of St.-Petersburg which occupies bastions Peter and Paul
Fortresses and private residence Rumjantseva. In the commandant's house of a fortress has settled down
Exposition "History of Petersburg - Petrograd", and in private residence Rumjantseva
- "Leningrad in days of the Great Patriotic War".
In spite of the fact that the city museum has been created only in the middle
The XX-th centuries, its history has begun much earlier - the ancestor
Museum it is considered to be the Museum of Old Petersburg created in 1907
To year. But in 1935 this museum has been closed, and funds are disbanded.
In 1953 a museum have recreated, and in a year expositions have been opened
In the Peter and Paul Fortress.
Today in a museum the history of imperial Russia and achievement have mixed up
Domestic astronautics. In the Trubetsky bastion, for example, it is possible
To examine imperial prison, and in the Ioannovsky ravelin - an astronautics museum
And the rocket technics (in 1932 here was gazodinamicheskaja
Laboratory which developed the first rockets).
Daily Petropavlovku visit seven thousand persons. However,
Now advancement of tourists on the Hare island where it is located
The fortress, reminds storm of enemy redoubts. Peter and Paul's cathedral
It is completely closed by woods, and all approaches to sights
Block trenches and ditches.
Petersburg "Kremlin" restore quickly. A work involving all hands explain
That on repair of monuments did not suffice until recently
Money. "The matter is that the Peter and Paul Fortress is federal
The property, and museum of Petersburg finances the city budget,
- The general director of a museum Boris Arakcheev explains. - city
The administration allocated for the museum maintenance of all on 5-6 million
Roubles a year. And the fortress collapsed faster, than we were in time
Something to restore ".
Under celebrating of anniversary of a city the federal budget has allocated
On reconstruction Petropavlovki 200 million roubles. As have counted up
In a museum if a fortress restored only on the city
Money process would be tightened for 30 years.
Similar conditions do not allow to be developed widely. But management
Museum finds a way out: in fortress territory arrange
Every possible exhibitions to entice visitors of all estates
And interests. For one the night club "Casemate" here is opened, for
Others - an exhibition of wax figures "Newcomers from space", the third
Suggest to look chambers where pined narodovoltsy, the fourth
- Peter the Great tomb and grand-ducal tomb. For the such
Wide sight at museum business management Petropavlovki more often
Critics criticise. Sponsors also do not favour Peter and Paul
Fortress. Only bank "Menatep St.-Petersburg" two years ago
Has allocated money for illumination installation on all perimetre of a fortress.
And recently the government of Flanders (Belgium) and Royal school
karilona (so the musical instrument like body is called,
Where instead of pipes bells are used) have presented Peter and Paul
Fortresses big karilon from 51 bells. Money for a gift collected
Across all Flanders. As a result of 350 persons have offered in total
$300 thousand In exchange for this all names of donators have been cut on
Bells.
This year in the Peter and Paul Fortress have replaced also the alarm
Tools which by tradition notify a city on approach of midday.
Replacement has served as an occasion to start up business on commercial rails.
Now from a gun it is possible to shoot for money. Wishing to be taken
For a tool cord should bring not less than $1 thousand in restoration fund
The Peter and Paul Fortress. Money considerable, therefore turn to a gun
It was not built yet. In the meantime restorers dismantle an angel
On a spike of a cathedral of Peter and Paul. Say, that the city can
To meet the 300 anniversary without the angel: the weather vane mechanism knocks
And it should be touched. Superstitious pitertsy notice, that an angel
"pereklinilo" nesprosta. The pier, here as in 1991 a weather vane has broken,
And the USSR has died.
Make.
Five years ago in Petersburg the first private museums have opened.
For example, in one of schools of sleeping area of Petersburg have opened
Anna Ahmatovoj's museum. However, Ahmatova at this school did not study
And behind the Narva outpost did not live. Simply teacher of the literature has solved
To organise a museum devoted to the poetess where has collected portraits
Ahmatovoj, its books which were published at various times, - it has turned out
Some kind of ahmatovskaja a room.
It appears to create the museum not so difficult. The main thing - to collect
Decent collection of subjects to register all this economy
As noncommercial culture establishment and to find a suitable premise
For reception of visitors. For example, the director of a Petersburg Museum of a toy
Maria Marchenko has opened showrooms in former shop "Milk".
For an exposition have collected about 3000 toys, basically from Germany.
"The private museum is a business for enthusiasts. After all profits the such
The enterprise does not bring ", - Maria Marchenko makes comments.
And still Petersburgers try "muzejno" to immortalise names of all
Known great people who though have been somehow connected with a city.
For example, in the late nineties in Peter there was museum Ostapa Bendera
(We will remind, that authors of adventures great kombinatora in Peter
Did not live).
Also in a city carefully save museums-apartments of Russian writers,
Revolutionaries and even partdejatelej. Among the most popular at
Inhabitants and visitors of a city of museums of similar type - apartment of Pushkin,
Dostoevsky, the Block, Alliluevyh and Kirov. And this year forces
Alpha bank in Peter there can be Joseph Brodsky's museum:
Bankers are going to to get municipal apartment in the house on
The foundry prospectus where before emigration there lived the poet and to transform it
In a museum.
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//* an information Source: the Profile, 12.08.02
//* Reg. Nom. - 1120800144.14-------------------------------------------
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